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Liquid intended for human consumption

For the deed of consuming a drink, come across Drinking. For drinks containing booze, meet Alcoholic drink.

"Potable" redirects here. Non to be dislocated with Beveridge.

Tea is the 2d‑almost‑consumed drink in the world, after water.

A drink (or beverage) is a liquid intended for man consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play of import roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include obviously drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies and soft drinks. Traditionally warm beverages include coffee, tea, and hot chocolate. Caffeinated drinks that contain the stimulant caffeine have a long history.

In add-on, alcoholic drinks such every bit wine, beer, and liquor, which incorporate the drug ethanol, have been part of homo culture for more than 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks often signify drinks that would normally contain booze, such as beer, wine and cocktails, just are made with a sufficiently low concentration of booze past volume. The category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such every bit not-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines.

Biology [edit]

When the human torso becomes dehydrated, a person experiences thirst. This craving of fluids results in an instinctive need to drink. Thirst is regulated by the hypothalamus in response to subtle changes in the body's electrolyte levels, and likewise as a outcome of changes in the volume of blood circulating. The complete deprivation of drinks (that is, water) volition result in decease faster than the removal of any other substance besides oxygen.[i] Water and milk take been basic drinks throughout history.[one] As water is essential for life, it has besides been the carrier of many diseases.[2]

As society developed, techniques were discovered to create alcoholic drinks from the plants that were bachelor in different areas. The primeval archaeological evidence of wine production however institute has been at sites in Georgia (c.  6000 BCE)[3] [iv] [five] and Islamic republic of iran (c.  5000 BCE).[half-dozen] Beer may accept been known in Neolithic Europe every bit far back as 3000 BCE,[vii] and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.[8] The invention of beer (and bread) has been argued to exist responsible for humanity's power to develop technology and build civilization.[9] [x] [11] Tea likely originated in Yunnan, China, during the Shang Dynasty (1500 BCE–1046 BCE) every bit a medicinal drink.[12]

History [edit]

Drinking has been a large part of socialising throughout the centuries. In Ancient Greece, a social gathering for the purpose of drinking was known as a symposium, where watered down wine would be drunk. The purpose of these gatherings could be anything from serious discussions to directly indulgence. In Aboriginal Rome, a similar concept of a convivium took place regularly.

Many early on societies considered booze a souvenir from the gods,[xiii] leading to the creation of gods such as Dionysus. Other religions forbid, discourage, or restrict the drinking of alcoholic drinks for diverse reasons. In some regions with a dominant religion the product, sale, and consumption of alcoholic drinks is forbidden to everybody, regardless of religion.

Toasting is a method of honouring a person or wishing adept will past taking a potable.[xiii] Another tradition is that of the loving cup, at weddings or other celebrations such every bit sports victories a group volition share a drink in a big receptacle, shared by everyone until empty.[xiii]

In East Africa and Yemen, coffee was used in native religious ceremonies. As these ceremonies conflicted with the beliefs of the Christian church, the Ethiopian Church banned the secular consumption of coffee until the reign of Emperor Menelik II.[fourteen] The drink was also banned in Ottoman Turkey during the 17th century for political reasons[fifteen] and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe.

Product [edit]

A drink is a form of liquid which has been prepared for man consumption. The preparation can include a number of unlike steps, some prior to ship, others immediately prior to consumption.

Purification of water [edit]

H2o is the chief elective in all drinks, and the master ingredient in most. H2o is purified prior to drinking. Methods for purification include filtration and the addition of chemicals, such as chlorination. The importance of purified water is highlighted by the World Wellness Arrangement, who point out 94% of deaths from diarrhea – the third biggest crusade of infectious decease worldwide at 1.viii million annually – could be prevented by improving the quality of the victim'south environment, particularly rubber h2o.[16]

Pasteurisation [edit]

Pasteurisation is the procedure of heating a liquid for a period of time at a specified temperature, then immediately cooling. The process reduces the growth of microorganisms inside the liquid, thereby increasing the time before spoilage. Information technology is primarily used on milk, which prior to pasteurisation is ordinarily infected with pathogenic bacteria and therefore is more likely than whatever other part of the common diet in the developed world to cause illness.[17]

Juicing [edit]

The process of extracting juice from fruits and vegetables can have a number of forms. Simple crushing of about fruits will provide a meaning amount of liquid, though a more intense pressure tin be practical to get the maximum amount of juice from the fruit. Both crushing and pressing are processes used in the product of vino.

Infusion [edit]

Infusion is the process of extracting flavours from plant material by allowing the fabric to remain suspended within h2o. This process is used in the product of teas, herbal teas and can be used to prepare coffee (when using a coffee printing).

Percolation [edit]

The proper name is derived from the discussion "percolate" which ways to crusade (a solvent) to pass through a permeable substance especially for extracting a soluble elective.[18] In the case of coffee-brewing the solvent is water, the permeable substance is the coffee grounds, and the soluble constituents are the chemic compounds that requite coffee its colour, sense of taste, scent, and stimulating backdrop.

Carbonation [edit]

Carbonation is the procedure of dissolving carbon dioxide into a liquid, such as water.

Fermentation [edit]

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to ethanol. Fermentation has been used by humans for the production of drinks since the Neolithic age. In winemaking, grape juice is combined with yeast in an anaerobic environs to allow the fermentation.[19] The corporeality of sugar in the wine and the length of fourth dimension given for fermentation determine the alcohol level and the sweetness of the wine.[20]

When brewing beer, in that location are 4 primary ingredients – water, grain, yeast and hops. The grain is encouraged to germinate by soaking and drying in oestrus, a procedure known equally malting. Information technology is then milled earlier soaking once more to create the sugars needed for fermentation. This process is known as mashing. Hops are added for flavouring, then the yeast is added to the mixture (now called wort) to start the fermentation process.[21]

Distillation [edit]

Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Information technology is one of the methods used in the purification of water. Information technology is likewise a method of producing spirits from milder alcoholic drinks.

Mixing [edit]

An alcoholic mixed drinkable that contains ii or more ingredients is referred to equally a cocktail. Cocktails were originally a mixture of spirits, sugar, water, and bitters.[22] The term is at present often used for almost any mixed drink that contains alcohol, including mixers, mixed shots, etc.[23] A cocktail today usually contains one or more kinds of spirit and one or more mixers, such as soda or fruit juice. Additional ingredients may be sugar, dearest, milk, cream, and various herbs.[24]

Type [edit]

Non-alcoholic drinks [edit]

Water ice water with a slice of lemon

A non-alcoholic drinkable is 1 that contains lilliputian or no alcohol. This category includes depression-alcohol beer, non-alcoholic wine, and apple cider if they contain a sufficiently low concentration of alcohol past volume (ABV). The verbal definition of what is "not-alcoholic" and what is not depends on local laws: in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, "alcohol-costless beer" is nether 0.05% ABV, "de-alcoholised beer" is under 0.v%, while "low-alcohol beer" can comprise no more than 1.2% ABV.[25] The term "soft drinkable" specifies the absence of alcohol in contrast to "difficult drink" and "drink". The term "drink" is theoretically neutral, but oft is used in a way that suggests alcoholic content. Drinks such as soda popular, sparkling h2o, iced tea, lemonade, root beer, fruit punch, milk, hot chocolate, tea, coffee, milkshakes, and tap h2o and energy drinks are all soft drinks.

H2o [edit]

Water is the world'southward about consumed drink,[26] however, 97% of water on World is non-drinkable salt water.[27] Fresh water is constitute in rivers, lakes, wetlands, groundwater, and frozen glaciers.[28] Less than 1% of the Globe's fresh h2o supplies are accessible through surface water and hole-and-corner sources which are price effective to retrieve.[29]

In western cultures, water is often drunk common cold. In the Chinese civilisation, it is typically drunk hot.[30]

Milk [edit]

Milk is regarded as ane of the "original" drinks,[31] milk is the primary source of nutrition for babies. In many cultures of the world, especially the Western world, humans go on to consume dairy milk beyond infancy, using the milk of other animals (specially cattle, goats and sheep) every bit a drink.

Soft drinks [edit]

Carbonated drinks refer to drinks which have carbon dioxide dissolved into them. This can happen naturally through fermenting and in natural h2o spas or artificially by the dissolution of carbon dioxide under pressure. The outset commercially available artificially carbonated drink is believed to have been produced by Thomas Henry in the late 1770s.[32] Cola, orange, diverse roots, ginger, and lemon/lime are usually used to create non-alcoholic carbonated drinks; sugars and preservatives may be added later.[33]

The most consumed carbonated soft drinks are produced by three major global brands: Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and the Dr Pepper Snapple Grouping.[34]

Juice and constitute drinks [edit]

Fruit juice is a natural product that contains few or no additives. Citrus products such as orange juice and tangerine juice are familiar breakfast drinks, while grapefruit juice, pineapple, apple, grape, lime, and lemon juice are likewise mutual. Coconut h2o is a highly nutritious and refreshing juice. Many kinds of berries are crushed; their juices are mixed with water and sometimes sweetened. Raspberry, blackberry and currants are popular juices drinks but the percentage of h2o as well determines their nutritive value. Grape juice allowed to ferment produces vino.

Fruits are highly perishable so the ability to extract juices and store them was of significant value. Some fruits are highly acidic and mixing them with water and sugars or beloved was often necessary to make them palatable. Fruits can also be composite with ice and other ingredients to brand a smoothie. Early storage of fruit juices was labor-intensive, requiring the crushing of the fruits and the mixing of the resulting pure juices with sugars before bottling.

Vegetable juices are ordinarily served warm or cold. Different types of vegetables can be used to make vegetable juice such as carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery and many more. Some vegetable juices are mixed with some fruit juice to make the vegetable juice gustation better. Many pop vegetable juices, particularly ones with loftier love apple content, are high in sodium, and therefore consumption of them for health must be carefully considered. Some vegetable juices provide the same health benefits as whole vegetables in terms of reducing risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Constitute milk is a general term for whatever milk-like production that is derived from a establish source. The most common varieties internationally are soy milk, almond milk, rice milk and coconut milk.

Blazon of fruit potable [35] Percentage of fruit needed in beverage Description
Fruit juice 100%[36] Largely regulated throughout the globe; 'juice' is often protected to be used for simply 100% fruit.[36]
Fruit drink x%[33] [35] Fruit is liquefied and water added.[35]
Fruit squash 25%[35] Produced using strained fruit juice, 45% sugar and preservatives.[35]
Fruit cordial 0%[37] All 'suspended affair' is eliminated by filtration or description.[35] and therefore appears clear[33] This type of drink, if described as 'flavoured,' may not have any corporeality of fruit.[37]
Fruit punch 25%[35] A mixture of fruit juices. Contains around 65% sugar.[35]
Fruit syrups - 1 fruit crushed into puree and left to ferment. Is so heated with sugar to create syrup.[33] [35]
Fruit juice concentrates 100%[35] Water removed from fruit juice by heating or freezing.[33]
Carbonated fruit drinks - Carbon dioxide added to fruit drink.[35]
Fruit nectars[38] 30%[38] Mixture of fruit pulp, saccharide and water which is consumed as 'one shot'.[38]
Fruit Sherbets[39] - Cooled potable of sweetened diluted fruit juice.[39]

Slumber drinks [edit]

A nightcap is a drink taken shortly earlier bedtime to induce sleep. For example, a small alcoholic drink or a loving cup of warm milk can supposedly promote a good night's sleep. Today, nigh nightcaps and relaxation drinks are generally non-alcoholic beverages containing calming ingredients. They are considered beverages which serve to relax a person. Different other calming beverages, such every bit tea, warm milk or milk with love; relaxation drinks almost universally contain more than one agile ingredient. Relaxation drinks take been known to contain other natural ingredients and are usually free of caffeine and alcohol but some have claimed to contain marijuana.

Alcoholic drinks [edit]

A drink is considered "alcoholic" if it contains ethanol, ordinarily known as alcohol (although in chemistry the definition of "alcohol" includes many other compounds). Beer has been a part of homo civilization for 8,000 years.[40]

In many countries, imbibing alcoholic drinks in a local bar or pub is a cultural tradition.[41]

Beer [edit]

Beer is an alcoholic drink produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. The starch and saccharification enzymes are often derived from malted cereal grains, well-nigh commonly malted barley and malted wheat.[42] Near beer is also flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and human activity as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such every bit herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The grooming of beer is called brewing. Beer is the world's most widely consumed alcoholic drinkable,[43] and is the third-almost pop drink overall, later h2o and tea. Information technology is said to have been discovered by goddess Ninkasi effectually 5300 BCE, when she accidentally discovered yeast afterward leaving grain in jars that were subsequently rained upon and left for several days. Women take been the chief creators of beer throughout history due to its clan with domesticity and it, throughout much of history, being brewed in the home for family consumption. Just in recent history have men begun to dabble in the field.[44] [45] Information technology is thought by some to be the oldest fermented drink.[46] [47] [48] [49]

Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Lawmaking of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours,[fifty] and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.[51] [52] Today, the brewing industry is a global concern, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries.

Cider [edit]

Cider is a fermented alcoholic drink made from fruit juice, most normally and traditionally apple tree juice, but also the juice of peaches, pears ("Perry" cider) or other fruit. Cider may exist fabricated from any variety of apple tree, merely certain cultivars grown solely for use in cider are known equally cider apples.[53] The United Kingdom has the highest per capita consumption of cider, likewise as the largest cider-producing companies in the world,[54] As of 2006[update], the U.Chiliad. produces 600 million litres of cider each year (130 million majestic gallons).[55]

Wine [edit]

Vino is an alcoholic drinkable made from fermented grapes or other fruits. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.[56] Yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes and converts them into booze and carbon dioxide. Unlike varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce unlike styles of vino. The well-known variations result from the very complex interactions between the biochemical evolution of the fruit, reactions involved in fermentation, terroir and subsequent appellation, along with human intervention in the overall process. The final product may contain tens of thousands of chemical compounds in amounts varying from a few per centum to a few parts per billion.

Wines made from produce besides grapes are usually named after the production from which they are produced (for example, rice vino, pomegranate vino, apple wine and elderberry vino) and are generically chosen fruit wine. The term "vino" can besides refer to starch-fermented or fortified drinks having college alcohol content, such as barley wine, huangjiu, or sake.

Vino has a rich history dating dorsum thousands of years, with the earliest production so far discovered having occurred c.  6000 BC in Georgia.[4] [57] [5] Information technology had reached the Balkans by c.  4500 BC and was consumed and historic in aboriginal Greece and Rome.

From its primeval appearance in written records, wine has likewise played an important role in faith. Ruby-red vino was closely associated with blood past the aboriginal Egyptians, who, according to Plutarch, avoided its free consumption as late every bit the 7th-century BC Saite dynasty, "thinking information technology to be the claret of those who had once battled against the gods".[58] The Greek cult and mysteries of Dionysus, carried on by the Romans in their Bacchanalia, were the origins of western theater. Judaism incorporates it in the Kiddush and Christianity in its Eucharist, while alcohol consumption was forbidden in Islam.

Spirits [edit]

Spirits are distilled beverages that incorporate no added carbohydrate and have at to the lowest degree 20% alcohol past volume (ABV). Popular spirits include borovička, brandy, gin, rum, slivovitz, tequila, vodka, and whisky. Brandy is a spirit created past distilling vino, whilst vodka may be distilled from any starch- or carbohydrate-rich establish matter; most vodka today is produced from grains such as sorghum, corn, rye or wheat.

Hot drinks [edit]

Coffee [edit]

Coffee is a brewed potable prepared from the roasted seeds of several species of an evergreen shrub of the genus Coffea. The two most mutual sources of coffee beans are the highly regarded Coffea arabica, and the "robusta" form of the hardier Coffea canephora. Coffee plants are cultivated in more than than lxx countries. Once ripe, coffee "berries" are picked, processed, and dried to yield the seeds inside. The seeds are then roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor, before beingness ground and brewed to create coffee.

Coffee is slightly acidic (pH 5.0–v.1[59]) and can accept a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content. It is ane of the almost pop drinks in the earth.[60] Information technology tin can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. The upshot of coffee on human health has been a subject of many studies; still, results accept varied in terms of java'south relative do good.[61]

Coffee tillage first took place in southern Arabia;[62] the primeval credible testify of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Republic of yemen.[62]

Coffee may accept been used socially in the renaissance menstruum of the 17th century.[63] The increasing trades between Europe and North Africa regions made coffee more widely available to Europeans gathering at social locations that served coffee, mayhap contributing to the growth of coffeehouses.[63]

Hot chocolate [edit]

Hot chocolate, likewise known as drinking chocolate or cocoa, is a heated potable consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener. Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream. Hot chocolate fabricated with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.[64]

The first chocolate drink is believed to have been created past the Mayans effectually 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa drink was an essential function of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.[65] [66] The beverage became pop in Europe after being introduced from Mexico in the New Earth and has undergone multiple changes since then. Until the 19th century, hot chocolate was fifty-fifty used medicinally to treat ailments such as liver and breadbasket diseases.

Hot chocolate is consumed throughout the world and comes in multiple variations, including the spiced chocolate para mesa of Latin America, the very thick cioccolata calda served in Italy and chocolate a la taza served in Espana, and the thinner hot cocoa consumed in the United States. Prepared hot chocolate tin be purchased from a range of establishments, including cafeterias, fast nutrient restaurants, coffeehouses and teahouses. Powdered hot chocolate mixes, which tin exist added to boiling water or hot milk to brand the drink at habitation, are sold at grocery stores and online.

Tea [edit]

Main article: Tea

Tea, the second about consumed drink in the world, is produced from infusing stale leaves of the camellia sinensis shrub, in humid h2o.[67] There are many ways in which tea is prepared for consumption: lemon or milk and sugar are among the nigh mutual additives worldwide. Other additions include butter and salt in Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet; bubble tea in Taiwan; fresh ginger in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; mint in Northward Africa and Senegal; cardamom in Central Asia; rum to make Jagertee in Primal Europe; and java to brand yuanyang in Hong Kong. Tea is too served differently from country to land: in Prc and Japan tiny cups are used to serve tea; in Thailand and the United States tea is often served cold (as "iced tea") or with a lot of sweetener; Indians boil tea with milk and a blend of spices every bit masala chai; tea is brewed with a samovar in Islamic republic of iran, Kashmir, Russia and Turkey; and in the Australian Outback information technology is traditionally brewed in a billycan.[68] Tea leaves can be processed in different ways resulting in a drink which appears and tastes different. Chinese yellow and green tea are steamed, roasted and stale; Oolong tea is semi-oxidised and appears light-green-black and black teas are fully oxidised.[69]

Mint tea is a pop tisane.

Herbal tea [edit]

Around the world, people refer to other herbal infusions every bit "teas"; it is also argued that these were popular long before the Camellia sinensis shrub was used for tea making.[lxx] Leaves, flowers, roots or bark tin can be used to make a herbal infusion and can exist bought fresh, dried or powdered.[71]

In culture [edit]

Places to drink [edit]

Throughout history, people take come together in establishments to socialise whilst drinking. This includes cafés and coffeehouses, focus on providing hot drinks equally well as lite snacks. Many coffee houses in the Center East, and in Due west Asian immigrant districts in the Western world, offer shisha (nargile in Turkish and Greek), flavored tobacco smoked through a hookah. Espresso bars are a blazon of coffeehouse that specialize in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks.

In China and Nippon, the institution would exist a tea firm, where people would socialise while drinking tea. Chinese scholars have used the teahouse as a place to share ideas.

Alcoholic drinks are served in drinking establishments, which have dissimilar cultural connotations. For example, pubs are primal to the culture of Britain,[72] [73] Republic of ireland,[74] Australia,[75] Canada, New England, Metro Detroit, South Africa and New Zealand. In many places, specially in villages, a pub can exist the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. Many pubs are controlled by breweries, and so cask ale or keg beer may exist a better value than wines and spirits.

In dissimilarity, types of bars range from seedy bars or nightclubs, sometimes termed "dive bars",[76] to elegant places of entertainment for the elite. Bars provide stools or chairs that are placed at tables or counters for their patrons. The term "bar" is derived from the specialized counter on which drinks are served. Some confined take amusement on a stage, such as a live ring, comedians, go-go dancers, or strippers. Patrons may sit down or stand at the bar and be served by the bartender, or they may sit down at tables and be served by cocktail servers.

Matching with food [edit]

Food and beverage are often paired together to enhance the taste experience. This primarily happens with vino and a civilisation has grown up around the process. Weight, flavors and textures can either exist assorted or complemented.[77] In recent years, food magazines began to suggest particular wines with recipes and restaurants would offering multi-course dinners matched with a specific wine for each course.[78]

Presentation [edit]

Different drinks have unique receptacles for their consumption. This is sometimes purely for presentations purposes, such as for cocktails. In other situations, the drinkware has applied application, such as coffee cups which are designed for insulation or brandy snifters which are designed to encourage evaporation merely trap the scent within the glass.

Many glasses include a stem, which allows the drinker to hold the glass without affecting the temperature of the potable. In champagne spectacles, the bowl is designed to retain champagne'southward signature carbonation, by reducing the surface area at the opening of the bowl. Historically, champagne has been served in a champagne coupe, the shape of which allowed carbonation to dissipate even more than rapidly than from a standard wine drinking glass.

Commercial trade [edit]

International exports and imports [edit]

An important export article, java was the top agricultural export for twelve countries in 2004,[79] and it was the world'south seventh-largest legal agricultural export past value in 2005.[lxxx] Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agronomical commodities in the earth.[81]

Investment [edit]

Some drinks, such as vino, can be used every bit an culling investment.[82] This can exist achieved by either purchasing and reselling private bottles or cases of particular wines, or purchasing shares in an investment wine fund that pools investors' majuscule.[83]

Meet likewise [edit]

  • Listing of beverages
  • List of hot drinks
  • Listing of national drinks

References [edit]

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Bibliography [edit]

  • Kummer, Corby (August 19, 2003). The Joy of Coffee: The Essential guide to Buying, Brewing, and Enjoying. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN978-0-618-30240-6.

External links [edit]

  • Hana LaRock (30 Aug 2019). "eight of the world's most unusual drinks". CNN.
  • Beverages at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
  • Health-Eu Portal – Alcohol
  • Wikibooks Cookbook
  • Women and Beer: A Forgotten Pairing (National Women's History Museum)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drink

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